1/7/2024 0 Comments Amino functional group![]() The R would've been the shorthand for all of this business. So, over here the shorthand R would have been the shorthand for all of. I could've, if I wanted to generalize an alcohol right over here I could've written R and then I could've written the hydroxyl group. This is just shorthand for carbon and a bunch of other stuff. Now, when you have this sulfhydryl group it's attached to, say, a carbon chain and when I use this R right over here, when I have this R. So, it's not quite as polar as if you had a hydroxyl group. So, you're still gonna have a partially negative charge and a partially positive charge, but it's going to be less polar. It's kind of similar to a hydroxyl group with the one difference, with the one difference that sulfur is electronegative but it is less electronegative than oxygen. And so, this group right over here, which is called a sulfhydryl group. They both would love nothing more than to grab or pretend to grab two other electrons and this is why they form, they tend to form two covalent bonds. And you might say, "Wait, why is this one similar? "I have sulfur here instead of oxygen." But if you look at the periodic table you will see that sulfur and oxygen both have six valence electrons. Now, similar, a similar functional group or one that has somewhat similar properties is right over here. They can form hydrogen bonds so that you can dissolve this. And this one, so, a hydroxyl group they are polar, they are polar, and because they are polar you can dissolve them into water. A partial positive charge at the hydrogen and to a lesser degree the carbon end too but hydrogen is even less, is a less electronegative than even carbon. ![]() Now, what are the properties here? Well, you have oxygen which is very electronegative bonded to a hydrogen and to a carbon but the oxygen is a lot more electronegative than the hydrogen so you're going to have a partially negative charge at this end away from the hydrogen. We're going to use the prefix Eth because we have two carbons here. And this one in particular if you want the name we have two carbons on the longest, longest chain and it is an alcohol so we use the prefix Eth for the two carbons. Hy, hydroxyl group, and when it is attached to a carbon backbone like this one is then it turns the entire molecule into an alcohol. It doesn't have to be attached to a carbon backbone but the OH right over here, this is called a hydroxyl group. So, we have an OH attached to a carbon backbone over here. Now, the first one I will focus on is an OH group. And my goal in my video is to give you an overview of the major functional groups that you might see attached to carbon backbones that make the molecules interesting biologically. We spent some time talking about hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons are interesting especially if you want to combust things, if you want some fuel, but now we're going to make things a little bit more interesting by adding things to the hydrocarbons and the things we're gonna add we call functional groups.
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